As I sat down and read Keats

As I plunked down and read Keats Tribute on a Grecian Urn and Tennyson's The Lady of Shalott I was very fascinated on the amount increasingly troublesome it truly is to endeavor to characterize what I think the writer is truly attempting to depict in his composition. I think that its hard to increase a psychological image of the creators thoughts since I continue seeing something different, not what the creator truly intended to depict. I will begin this paper with Keats' Tribute on a Grecian Urn. The principal refrain in this sonnet appears as though he is conversing with a urn that is perched on a rack or over a chimney. He appear to ask it inquiries. In this model Keats states What leaf-bordered legend frequents about thy state Of gods or humans, or of both, In Tempe or the dales of Arcady? As I read this line in the sonnet, it appears that Keats is conversing with this urn and soliciting it what kind from things or the significance behind all the carvings on the urn. He is asking the urn what legend frequents this urn is it gods or humans, or might it be able to be both. He is searching for answers to the inquiries he has about this urn. In the second refrain I get the possibility that he is hearing something or attempting to tune in for something, perhaps he is trusting that the urn will talk back to him or even offer him a hint. I a getting two sorts of hearing in this refrain, one is the urn hearing hints of the non world and two human hearing true hearing. He begins the subsequent refrain by saying Heard songs are sweet, yet those unheard Are better; along these lines, ye delicate funnels, play on. Here he is expressing that there are delicate funnels playing sweet music on the urn yet we can't hear what is being played, this is the reason he says heard tunes are sweet, yet those unheard are better. This is the place we get the possibility of the powerful and the becoming aware of the non-world. Again he says Not to the sexy ear, be that as it may, more charmed, Pipe to the soul jingles of no tone: Here he is simply painting another image of the non-w...

The market discounts everything Essays

The market limits everything Essays The market limits everything Essay The market limits everything Essay Specialized investigation expect that a stock cost reflects everything that has and could influence the organization and thus, basic elements are reflected without the should be considered independently. Subsequently, the investigation of value development through specialized examination ought to be done as it is fundamental and delegate of the stock as a whole.â Price moves in patterns In specialized investigation, value developments are accepted to follow patterns. This implies after a pattern has been set up, the future value development is bound to be a similar way as the pattern than to be against it. History will in general recurrent itself. The tedious idea of value developments has been watched and has been ascribed to advertise brain science. Market members have been found to a great extent to give a steady response to comparative market improvements after some time. With such redundant responses, outline designs are concrete in breaking down market developments for the comprehension of patterns as history will in general recurrent itself. Similarly the same number of instruments are accessible for key examination, a scope of pointers are accessible for specialized investigation. This report utilizes the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD), Relative Strength Index (RSI) and Support and Resistance levels to help in the better comprehension of the value patterns of ANZ. Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) The MACD is one of the most notable and utilized markers in specialized investigation. It contains two exponential moving midpoints which help to gauge energy in the security. The MACD quantifies transient force contrasted with longer term energy, taking into consideration signals concerning the present heading of energy. At the point when the MACD is certain, it flags that the shorter term moving normal is over the more drawn out term moving normal and proposes an upward force. At the point when the MACD is negative, it flags the inverse. Utilizing the ordinarily utilized 12 brief periods, 26 extensive stretches and 9 EMA periods, MACD is diagrammed for ANZ. (In light of 5 years history) One of the most widely recognized purchase signals are produced when the MACD crosses the sign line, as appeared at the upward cross in the figure while sell flags regularly happen when the MACD crosses underneath the sign, as appeared at the descending cross in the above figure. In view of the graphs purple circles, the MACD and sign line have been seen to be comparable to one another for most timeframes. The most recent MACD and sign line are by and by comparable to one another, Johnnie can purchase the stock as dependent on past patterns as it is not really that the MACD goes underneath the sign line. Relative Strength Index (RSI) The RSI is another notable and utilized device in specialized examination. It assists with flagging overbought and oversold conditions in a security. Plotted in a scope of 0 to 100, a perusing over 70 is utilized to recommend that a security is overbought while a perusing beneath 30 is utilized to propose that it is oversold. This marker causes dealers to recognize whether a securitys cost has been irrationally pushed to current levels and whether an inversion might be in transit. A RSI is outlined for ANZ dependent on its 5 years history, recommending the periods over the 70 perusing to have been overbought and those under 30 to have been oversold. In view of the graph over, the most recent showings by ANZ motioned by the purple hover are inside the limits, flagging that it isn't overbought or oversold. Thusly, it is a decent time for Johnnie to purchase the stocks since they are not absurdly evaluated. Backing and Resistance A security value only occasionally moves over its opposition or underneath its help level. Backing and obstruction levels are significant regarding market gracefully and request as dealers are happy to purchase the stock at help level and sell it at opposition level. When these patterns are broken, it is believed that gracefully and request have moved and another help and obstruction level will prone to be set up. In view of the last third quarters of 2009 and initial seventy five percent of 2010 history of ANZ, its help and opposition level is set up at obstruction level around AUD$24. 50 and bolster level around AUD$21. In light of the most recent showings of ANZ (purple circle), the stock cost is anticipated to ascend in any event till its opposition level. In that capacity, Johnnie should purchase the stock now as there are rooms before the stock value hits opposition. Also, the last time the stock value hit obstruction level (dark circle), it moved somewhat above opposition. In view of ANZs current showings, there is a high opportunities for cost to climb another obstruction level. Value Predictions The above diagram takes after a breakout from the value combination example of the upside over the medium term (3-6months) and recommends a rising pattern with a momentary objective of 2/3rds the profundity of the value intermingling design. This is generally $24 + (2/3 x (25. 80-21)) or $27. 20. This expectation of an ascent in cost can be additionally supported with by the present financial exchange which is en route to recuperation in the wake of going down from the time of April to July 2010. As the financial exchange recuperates, ANZ stock will be decidedly influenced also. (Source: tradingeconomics. com/default. aspx) Australias economy in general has likewise been doing admirably since the beginning of 2010. The significant pointer of the large scale condition, Australias GDP Growth Rate has been light with a noteworthy positive increment in the third quarters of 2010. With the economy performing admirably in general, the value forecast of ANZ rising can be additionally defended.

How Your Personality Type Affects Your Health

How Your Personality Type Affects Your Health Theories Personality Psychology Print How Your Personality Type Affects Your Health By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 24, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 09, 2020 DrAfter123/Getty Images More in Theories Personality Psychology Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Type A More Laid Back People-Pleasers Worrywarts Distressed Introverts What It All Means View All Back To Top Could your personality type be harming you, or is your personality actually helping you live a longer life? Our personalities play such an important role in determining our behaviors and habits, so it is little wonder that personality type has a connection to your health. Everything from how often you visit the doctor to how you deal with stress is connected to your personality. Philosophers, physicians, and researchers have long tried to find connections between personality and physical health. During the time of the ancient Greeks, Hippocrates and Galen suggested that there were four humors (or personality types) and that each was connected to susceptibilities for certain physical or mental illnesses. Interest in the topic persists to this day and research has found that personality traits can be important health predictors. Researchers have found that the personality traits exhibited during childhood are linked to later health and are tied to other key health markers including overall longevity.?? So how is your health impacted by your personality? Take a closer look at a few common personality types to discover what the possible health implications might be. Type A The classic type A personality is often characterized as hard-driving, controlling, and perfectionistic. People who exhibit characteristics of this personality type tend to be more competitive, impatient, tense, assertive, and even aggressive. Type As are often seen as hard-driving workaholics who will do anything to get ahead. They often feel a need to dominate, both at work and in personal interactions, and may derive their feelings of self-worth and self-concept from their perceived achievements. This personality type has been a subject of interest since it was first described in the 1950s and research has associated it with a number of negative health outcomes. Some studies have shown a relationship between the Type A personality type and hypertension, increased job stress, and social isolation.?? Older studies suggested that there was a connection between the Type A personality type and heart disease, but subsequent research has complicated these findings by failing to confirm the link???. Type As do tend to experience more hostility, a characteristic that has been tied to an increased risk of heart disease. The initial research conducted more than 40 years ago suggested that Type A personalities were at a 7-fold increased risk of developing coronary artery disease. But more recent studies suggest that the real culprit behind the increased risk of heart disease is likely related to anger and hostility. So what can you do to reduce your health risks if you have a Type A personality? Understand what you can change. Even if personality type is linked to increased health concerns, some have suggested that there may be little patients and doctors can do to mitigate these risks. However, some experts suggest that personality change is possible and that even if you dont necessarily change your personality, there are steps that patients can take to minimize the potential health consequences of their overall personality type.Focus on the negative traits associated with your personality type. If you tend to have some of the more negative features of the type A personality, such as a tendency to be stressed out, hostile, and socially isolated, explore things that you can do to lower your chances of developing hypertension and other health problems.Practice quality coping and stress management skills. Effective stress-management techniques can help you learn how to better cope with daily life stress. Learning how to manage feelings of anger and hostility can also help. And looking for ways to improve your social connections can help improve your well-being both now and in the future. More Laid Back People with a laid-back personality, often referred to as a Type B personality, tend to be much more relaxed and easy-going than their Type A counterparts. In contrast to Type As, Type Bs are typically less stressed and less competitive. These individuals are apt to be more focused on performing tasks for the enjoyment of doing so rather than being so driven by a need to achieve, win, or dominate. That isnt to say that Type Bs do not value accomplishment. They work steadily toward their goals but also enjoy the process and experience less stress if they do not win. People with the Type B personality type may also be more attracted to careers and hobbies that are more laid back and creativity centered, such as becoming an artist, writer, actor, or therapist. There are still health implications associated with the Type B personality. If you are Type B: Maintain healthy behaviors. Being laid-back might mean taking a more lackadaisical approach to your health. Being relaxed can be great, but dont slack on your healthy habits.Focus  on the positive. For Type Bs, the news is mostly good. If you have this personality type, you probably have a lower risk of developing health issues related to anxiety. You tend to enjoy life, are pretty good at coping with stress, and likely have a good quality of life. All of these factors may mean that you are less likely to experience negative health outcomes that are linked to stress, anger, and anxiety. People-Pleasers People with an eager to please personality type tend to be accommodating, passive, and conforming. This personality type can have its health upsides and downsides. On one hand, their eager to please nature means that they are more likely to follow their doctors orders. Because of their passive nature, people pleasers may be more likely to feel hopeless or helpless in the face of a negative health event. They may also be less likely to seek help when something is wrong, instead feeling that they dont want to be a burden or inconvenience to others. When faced with a diagnosis, they may simply throw in the towel and assume that nothing they do will make much of a difference. So what can you do to protect your health if you tend to be a people-pleaser? Dont ignore yourself. People-pleasers sometimes place their own well-being last. Being conscientious of others can be a positive trait, but be sure to take time for your own health as well.Take an active role in your health. In can be easy to fall into thinking that your health is out of your hands, but taking a more internal locus of control may help you feel more in control of your current and future health. Instead of focusing on the external influences that affect your health, pay attention to the things that you can change through your own actions. Worrywarts If you tend to have a neurotic personality, you may respond to feelings of loss, frustration, and other stresses with negative emotions. Experiencing intense emotional reactions to relatively minor life challenges is common. Researchers have found that this trait can be a predictor of a variety of physical and mental disorders, including overall life longevity. One research review found that those who were higher in neuroticism and lower in other Big Five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness), particularly those lower in conscientiousness, tended to be less healthy than their less-neurotic peers.?? Those who are high in neuroticism may also be more likely to experience physical health problems such as cardiovascular disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and asthma. Neuroticism has been associated with generalized anxiety disorder, depression, panic disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and substance use. Are there any strategies you can follow to help minimize the possible health risks of a neurotic personality? Preventative strategies may help. Being a worrywart can have health risks, but the upside of better understanding your personality is that you can take steps to engage in preventative care.Control your worry. Excessive worrying can be troubling, so finding ways to control your thoughts and replace negative emotions with more positive ones is important. Strategies such as distraction, talking to a friend, and relaxation techniques can all be helpful if you find yourself overcome with neurotic feelings. Distressed The type D personality was first introduced in 1996 and is characterized by distressed traits such as being more prone to negative emotions and a lack of self-expression. Stress, depression, anxiety, anger, and loneliness are also associated with the Type D personality. It can also come with serious health consequences. So what are the possible health implications of having a Type D personality? One study suggested that people with Type D personalities are at a four-fold risk of death compared to those with other personality types.?? According to another study published in the journal Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, people with this personality type are at a three-fold increased risk of heart problems, including heart failure.?? Approximately 20 percent of American adults have the Type D personality, with an estimated 50 percent of patients with heart problems exhibiting characteristics of this distressed personality type. So what should you do to help mitigate the potential health risks of having a Type D personality? Talk to your doctor. Some experts hope that screening heart patients for these traits would allow doctors to connect those at risk with behavior and cognitive counseling.Practice good stress management techniques. Self-help approaches such as practicing good stress management techniques and reframing events to focus on more positive emotions may also be helpful. Introverts One study found that people who tend to be more extroverted, conscientious, and agreeable also tend to be healthier.?? This is due, in part, to the fact that people who exhibit higher levels of these traits also tend to be more likely to communicate more effectively with their doctors. A 2009 study found that social support was linked to physical health outcomes including healthier behaviors, better coping skills, and observance to medical routines.?? Doctors and other health experts have long understood that quality social support and connections can have an important protective effect on both physical and mental health. So what can you do if you are not an extrovert? Build social support. Even if you tend to have a more introverted personality, seeking out strong social support is one way to help lower potential health risks associated with your personality type. Lack of social support has been linked to a variety of ailments including decreased immunity and an increased risk of heart disease. What It All Means While research indicates that personality type clearly plays a role in health and well-being, certain ailments are more likely to be influenced by psychological characteristics. Heart disease, for example, is more strongly linked to personality type than cancer. So why does personality have an impact on health? Why are certain traits so tied to certain ailments? The answers are not clear, but one potential explanation is that personality impacts behavior and lifestyle choices. People who are more conscientious may be more likely to make healthier choices while those who are high in neuroticism may be less likely to seek medical help or have weaker social support systems. Just because you tend to have a certain personality type does not doom you to a future of acquiring certain ailments. As with many things, your individual risk of developing a health problem can depend upon a variety of factors beyond your personality, including genetics, environment, lifestyle, and behaviors. Understanding your personality might be a great way to help determine what sort of health choices or changes you need to focus on making. By being aware of the potential hazards you may face, you can work with your health care professional to come up with a plan to minimize the dangers. A Word From Verywell Research clearly shows a connection between personality and health. If you believe that your personality, mental state, or behaviors are causing illness or worsening your current symptoms, talk to your doctor for advice on possible treatments which may involve psychotherapy, medication, or self-care.

Best Chemistry Quotes

This is a collection of chemistry quotes, relating to the science of chemistry or quotations from chemists about chemistry. Marie Curie â€Å"Scientist believe in things, not in persons† Robert B. Laughlin I also taught myself how to blow glass using a propane torch from the hardware store and managed to make some elementary chemistry plumbing such as tees and small glass bulbs. Roald Hoffmann I am a teacher, and I am proud of it. At Cornell University I have taught primarily undergraduates, and indeed almost every year since 1966 have taught first-year general chemistry. James W. Black I did help to set up an undergraduate course in medicinal chemistry and made progress in modeling and analyzing pharmacological activity at the tissue level, my new passion. Michael Polanyi And the actual achievements of biology are explanations in terms of mechanisms founded on physics and chemistry, which is not the same thing as explanations in terms of physics and chemistry. William Standish Knowles At Harvard, I majored in chemistry with a strong inclination toward math. Kenichi Fukui But the nature of my main work in chemistry can be better represented by more than 280 English publications, of which roughly 200 concern the theory of chemical reactions and related subjects. Adam Sandler Chemistry can be a good and bad thing. Chemistry is good when you make love with it. Chemistry is bad when you make crack with it. Frederick Soddy Chemistry has been termed by the physicist as the messy part of physics, but that is no reason why the physicists should be permitted to make a mess of chemistry when they invade it. Dennis Rodman Chemistry is a class you take in high school or college, where you figure out two plus two is 10, or something. Kenichi Fukui Chemistry itself knows altogether too well that - given the real fear that the scarcity of global resources and energy might threaten the unity of mankind - chemistry is in a position to make a contribution towards securing a true peace on earth. Antonio Perez Digital imaging is as much about chemistry as it is about semiconductors. Rudolph A. Marcus During my McGill years, I took a number of math courses, more than other students in chemistry. Tony Wilson Every band needs its own special chemistry. And Bez was a very good chemist. Donald Cram Few scientists acquainted with the chemistry of biological systems at the molecular level can avoid being inspired. Richard Ernst However, I survived and started to read all chemistry books that I could get a hand on, first some 19th century books from our home library that did not provide much reliable information, and then I emptied the rather extensive city library. John Pople I abandoned chemistry to concentrate on mathematics and physics. In 1942, I travelled to Cambridge to take the scholarship examination at Trinity College, received an award and entered the university in October 1943. Sydney Brenner I also became interested in chemistry and gradually accumulated enough test tubes and other glassware to do chemical experiments, using small quantities of chemicals purchased from a pharmacy supply house. Knute Rockne I enjoy talking to my football men and my chemistry classes and I feel sure that they are quite interested in what I have to say. Steve Blake I fell in love with Scotland and made good friends here, so I stayed after graduating with Honours in Chemistry. John Tesh I grew up wanting to be a musician, but my parents were sure I would starve to death. So, they put me in physics and chemistry. That eventually blew up, and I got into radio. Robert Huber I learned easily and had time to follow my inclination for sports (light athletics and skiing) and chemistry, which I taught myself by reading all textbooks I could get. Maya Lin I really enjoyed hanging out with some of the teachers. This one chemistry teacher, she liked hanging out. I liked making explosives. We would stay after school and blow things up. Martin Lewis Perl I was also interested in chemistry, but my parents were not willing to buy me a chemistry set. George Andrew Olah I was invited to join the newly established Central Chemical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1954 and was able to establish a small research group in organic chemistry, housed in temporary laboratories of an industrial research institute. Burton Richter In 1948 I entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, undecided between studies of chemistry and physics, but my first year convinced me that physics was more interesting to me. John E. Walker In 1960, I went to St. Catherines College, Oxford, and received the B.A. degree in Chemistry in 1964. Jon Postel In a chemistry class there was a guy sitting in front of me doing what looked like a jigsaw puzzle or some really weird kind of thing. He told me he was writing a computer program. Paul D. Boyer In marked contrast to the University of Wisconsin, Biochemistry was hardly visible at Stanford in 1945, consisting of only two professors in the chemistry department. James Rainwater In my schooling through high school, I excelled mainly in chemistry, physics and mathematics. Jack Steinberger In the evenings I studied chemistry at the University of Chicago, the weekends I helped in the family store. George E. Brown, Jr. Industrial opportunities are going to stem more from the biological sciences than from chemistry and physics. I see biology as being the greatest area of scientific breakthroughs in the next generation. Wilhelm Ostwald It has pleased no less than surprised me that of the many studies whereby I have sought to extend the field of general chemistry, the highest scientific distinction that there is today has been awarded for those on catalysis. H. L. Mencken It is now quite lawful for a Catholic woman to avoid pregnancy by a resort to mathematics, though she is still forbidden to resort to physics or chemistry. Edward Thorndike Just as the science and art of agriculture depend upon chemistry and botany, so the art of education depends upon physiology and psychology. John Pople Leaving England was a painful decision, and we still have some regrets about it. However, at that time, the research environment for theoretical chemistry was clearly better in the U.S. Auguste Comte Men are not allowed to think freely about chemistry and biology: why should they be allowed to think freely about political philosophy? Camille Paglia Modern bodybuilding is ritual, religion, sport, art, and science, awash in Western chemistry and mathematics. Defying nature, it surpasses it. Kenneth G. Wilson My father was on the faculty in the Chemistry Department of Harvard University; my mother had one year of graduate work in physics before her marriage. Geoffrey Wilkinson My first introduction to chemistry came at a quite early age through my mothers elder brother. Rudolph A. Marcus My interest in the sciences started with mathematics in the very beginning, and later with chemistry in early high school and the proverbial home chemistry set. Michael Polanyi No inanimate object is ever fully determined by the laws of physics and chemistry. Thomas Huxley Nothing can be more incorrect than the assumption one sometimes meets with, that physics has one method, chemistry another, and biology a third. Johannes P. Muller Physiology is the science which treats of the properties of organic bodies, animal and vegetable, of the phenomena they present, and of the laws which govern their actions. Inorganic substances are the objects of other sciences, - physics and chemistry. Paul Berg That work led to the emergence of the recombinant DNA technology thereby providing a major tool for analyzing mammalian gene structure and function and formed the basis for me receiving the 1980 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Peter Hook The chemistry involved made everything Factory did quite special. Derek Harold Richard Barton The first serious applications were in triterpenoid chemistry. Paul Dirac The fundamental laws necessary for the mathematical treatment of a large part of physics and the whole of chemistry are thus completely known, and the difficulty lies only in the fact that application of these laws leads to equations that are too complex to be solved. Charles Babbage To those who have chosen the profession of medicine, a knowledge of chemistry, and of some branches of natural history, and, indeed, of several other departments of science, affords useful assistance. Jeremy Rifkin We were making the first step out of the age of chemistry and physics, and into the age of biology. Tim Hardaway You have to look at how chemistry develops. Johannes Vilhelm Jensen The grounding in natural sciences which I obtained in the course of my medical studies, including preliminary examinations in botany, zoology, physics, and chemistry, was to become decisive in determining the trend of my literary work. Dixie Lee Ray The organic material, as the laws of chemistry state, can neither be created nor destroyed.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Literature - 754 Words

Wars will affect everyone in the countries that are fighting, but nobody more than the soldiers. This is true for all wars, but especially World War I because at the time it was the largest war the world had ever seen. Young men from all over were sent to the frontlines to be killed in the trenches or in the open fields. Over 8.5 million men ended up dying during the â€Å"Great War†, changing the lives of many people. The families of the men lost their family member, children lost their fathers, and many men lost their lives. Some soldiers who didn’t die would return very different from when they left because of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD). The perspective of some soldiers as well as the life changing events that took place in their lives are shown through the novel All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque, The Soldier by Rupert Brooke, and The Man He Killed by Thomas Hardy. In All Quiet on the Western Front, the main character is Paul Bà ¤umer. Before the war he was a very lively and happy young man, but after fighting he changes and starts to feel much depressed. Throughout the book, Paul changes from a compassionate, sensitive young man into a less joyful person. This detachment from his feelings and emotions are caused by the horrors he witnessed during the war and the anxiety that it brought him. As a result of the war, he is unable to feel at home among his family and cannot talk about his experiences in the war. One of the most powerful moments inShow MoreRelatedPost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )987 Words   |  4 PagesPost Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) PTSD can be traced back to antiquity. It was called soldier s heart during the American Civil War and morphed into shell shock in the First World War and battle fatigue during the Second. It became operational exhaustion in Korea and PTSD only after Vietnam, when the American Psychiatric Association added the term to its list of recognized mental disorders (Thompson, 2015, pg. 41). PTSD was originally observed in the military context, but more recentlyRead MoreThe Fire Service Advances And Changes887 Words   |  4 PagesAs the fire service advances and changes there will be continuous stress and dangerous/ traumatic events that impact the firefighters mental health in a negative way. These mental health issues are labeled as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and firefighter suicide. There are large arrays of people who believe that firefighters were brave and no situation would ever change a firefighter’s way of thinking. 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The controversy is mainly founded around the relationship between post-traumatic stress (PTS) and politics. The author believes that a group level analysis will assist in understanding the contradictory positions in the debate of whether or not PTSD is a true disorder. The literature regarding this topic can be dividedRead More Use of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory to Evaluate Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1541 Words   |  7 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) frequently headlines newspapers and newscasts across America. Veterans fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan return to a life they left but inside they are tormented with flashbacks, nightmares, anxiety, anger, and depression. Many people suffer from PTSD after experiencing traumatic events in his or her life. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inven tory (MMPI-2) is chosen for the basis of this assignment to evaluate someone who exhibits symptoms of PTSD. SometimesRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder And Its Effect On Soldiers2563 Words   |  11 Pages Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and its Effect on Soldiers Luke D. Kern The Catholic University of America Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Soldiers Post traumatic stress disorder is a psychological disorder in which the survivors of a traumatic incident or experience. Examples of this could include but are not limited to death, rape, survivors of a terrorist attack, or soldiers at war. Survivors of these incidents have a series of various symptoms (Wangelin, Tuerk, 2014). TheseRead MoreSocial Workers And Mental Health Providers1477 Words   |  6 Pagesare more likely to experience what is called â€Å"secondary traumatization†, â€Å"vicarious traumatization† or â€Å"compassion fatigue†. These terms all essentially describe the negative impact of bonding with a trauma survivor and exposure to the survivor’s traumatic encounters (McCann Pearlman 1990). These terms are different than and should not be confused â€Å"with burnout†. The term â€Å"burnout† refers to â€Å"a psychological syndrome in response to chronic interpersonal stressors on the job† (Devilly, Wright, Read MoreAnalyzing The Coping Mechanisms And Strategies Of Missing Children Essay997 Words   |  4 Pageshealthy productive way, while still in the processing of trying to go throw the legal proceedings. Also parents of missing children many hold on to an inkling of hope because they’re child hasn’t been found of presumed deceased. II. Review of the literature: A. Yes, I believe the citation is this passage are very factual and they go along well with the message they are trying to prevail. B. The citations are among the years of 1987-2003, while the article itself was published in 2006,so perceivablyRead MoreDifferent Types Of Treatments For Ptsd1819 Words   |  8 PagesIn this paper that I am writing, I will be discussing the different types of treatments for PTSD also knows as post-traumatic stress disorder. More in specifically I will be discussing PTSD in veterans who have been diagnosed already. A little history about PTSD is that it first began as a disorder people would acquire after coming back from certain wars in our history, and back then they really did not know that much about it. Living in this day and age there have been so many more studies, trialsRead MoreNatural Disasters3617 Words   |  15 PagesZyy06mku SWK Psychological Consequences of Earthquakes Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, hurricanes and cyclones, floods, and tornadoes are some of the traumatic experiences that may cause posttraumatic stress disorders. This type of disorders and other disaster related psychological problems are prevalent after natural disasters. As a result it is important to analyse those individuals that develop psychological problems especially to prepare and plan

Societies of Chesapeake Bay and New England Colonies Free Essays

Societies of Chesapeake Bay and New England Colonies Many settlers who came to the New World from Britain in the early seventeenth century sought to establish a settlement for motives including economic and religious freedom in areas such as Chesapeake Bay colonies that comprised of Virginia and Maryland colonies and the New England colonies that consisted of Connecticut, Maine, and Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island. Settlers who often came to these regions came with varying motivations, settled into different regions that had varying geographies, and encountered different circumstances. Through the passing of time, these particular distinctions would contribute into casting the two regions into two distinct societies. We will write a custom essay sample on Societies of Chesapeake Bay and New England Colonies or any similar topic only for you Order Now While those who settled in the early sixteenth centuries in the New England and Chesapeake Bay colonies were mostly settled by the English, on the contrary to what most believe, these two regions developed into two distinct societies by the eighteenth century. These societies were able to be characterized through their differences in many aspects of society including politically, economically, socially, and educationally. One aspect that illustrates difference between the Chesapeake Bay and New England colonies was the social differences that the two regions developed. For example, in the Chesapeake region, disease such as dysentery, typhoid fever, and malaria ravaged through the area. Unclean air and the hot climate further spread disease amongst the settlers. These factors had larger implications for Chesapeake colony society. With the combination of these factors, an individual living in the Chesapeake often had their life cut short by an average of ten years than an individual in the New England colony. As a result of shorter life spans, many families were disunited as widows were left with young children to support. Thus, women had a greater status than women in the New England colonies. Women of the Chesapeake region were able to inherit their husband’s estates and were issued a different property title. Disease also affected the population growth of the Chesapeake region. Since disease was widespread and many women did not migrate to the region, fertility rates were low. However, in the New England colonies, where a combination of clean air and colder climate helped decrease the risk of diseases, an individual tended to outlive their ounterpart in the Chesapeake region. Furthermore, settlers tended to migrate as families to the New England colonies, so the population was able to grow quicker. With a longer life, an individual could see the upbringing of their grandchildren. They had a pivotal role in ensuring the children grew up in a nurturing environment and that these c hildren followed the morale and guidelines of society. Early marriage and high fertility rates contributed in a booming birthrate. These facets contributed to the creation a strong, tranquil social structure of the New England colonies. Also unlike their Chesapeake counterparts, women in the New England colonies gave up there property rights when they married because Puritan lawmakers worried that recognizing women’s separate rights would cause conflicts between the husband and wife. As illustrated through these examples, New England and Chesapeake colonies were varied through social aspects of their societies. Another aspect in which the two regions differentiated in were economically. For example, in New England colonies, where there was not much arable land, the settlers were forced to depend on more livestock such as pigs, cattle, and sheep. Nonetheless, the settlers were able to create a small varied assortment of crops from the little land that they had. Furthermore, settlers of the New England region developed other industries such as developing their coastlines and built them for use as harbors for industries such as fishing and shipbuilding. In contrast to the New England region, the Chesapeake Bay colonies were quite different economically. The colonies of this region were much more dependent on agriculture economically. The settlers widely grew the addictive tobacco plant after John Rolfe (settler of the Virginia colony and the husband of Pocahantas) improved the bitterness of the plant. Thus, the demand for the plant grew steadily in England. This dependency on agriculture would eventually advance where individuals would create plantation system in order to meet the demands. Once again, as illustrated, Chesapeake and the New England region were different through their economic standards is one of the way that these two regions developed into distinct societies. These different economic characteristics eventually leads to another differentiation in these two colonial societies. In addition to these two societies differing economically and socially, these colonial regions also differed in the political aspects. For instance, in the New England colonies, especially in the colony of Connecticut, the government was based on a town system. The congregational Puritan churches of the region were where the adult men would gather and vote. The New England villagers voted on aspects such as electing their officials, appointing schoolmasters, as well as discussing daily matters. The colonists of this region saw sovereignty as being in the towns. The colonists also adopted this idea as a result of their conviction of unity for purpose. Conversely, the governments of the Chesapeake region operated more on a county system such as that of the House of Burgesses, where the colonists met on a yearly basis. This was a result of the people being spread out from their use of the plantation that tended to distribute the population throughout the region. As demonstrated, the New England colonies form of government varied widely from the Chesapeake form of government. New England’s use of the town meeting system and the Chesapeake colonies use of the county system show the differing political viewpoints, just one of the aspects that defined the two regions as two different distinct societies. Although the Chesapeake and New England colonies were considered monolithic when they were first settled in the early sixteenth century, the passing of time would eventually these regions into two distinctive societies. Those differences that define the characteristics of these two societies are essential because they play an essential role in the creation in several facets United States history such as the development of the government (as later shown in history through Roger Sherman‘s Connecticut Compromise) and social and political issues such as slavery. The Chesapeake Bay and New England colonies were indeed significant regions; even though they varied in many aspects, played a significant role in shaping the attitudes of American society later in the nation’s history. How to cite Societies of Chesapeake Bay and New England Colonies, Essay examples

Employment Law for Trademarks and Copyrights-MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEmployment Lawfor Trademarks and Copyrights. Answer: Patent- Patents are rights that are given to an inventor in order for them to protect their unique idea. It is important however to note that the owner can grant few people the rights to make use of the ideas in return of some royalties (Hannah, 2005). Although patenting was only recognized in the US, some countries have agreed to respect the same as a result of international conventions. Copyrights- Copyrights are rights given exclusively to owners of artistic works (Beckerman- Rodau, 2002). It must be understood that copyrights do not protect an idea but rather the work that can be presented by the author. Trademarks- These are the rights given to businesses to reserve the rights of logos and other names and symbols that help a company identify itself in the trade. Trade Secret- A trade secret is a unique idea that a business has that helps it differentiate itself from other players and holds it in secret. It must be understood that employees should be able to hold trade secrets in order to protect their employer. There are a number of benefits that are associated with intellectual policies to employers. One of the benefits that have been associated with the same is the ability for the employer to keep their ideas. It is important to note that some employees may want to reciprocate the information they have learned from their employer and benefit from it (Elias Stim, 2004). In cases whereby intellectual policies are in place, it may be difficult for the employee to make use of the ideas gotten from their employer in order to benefit themselves. The law clearly states that in one has had intellectual property registered under their names, no one can make use of the same in order to benefit themselves. Therefore, it is essential that all employees understand this vital benefit. The other benefit that is associated with ensuring that one has intellectual registered is the fact that they are able to protect their business growth. Most people have turned their unique ideas into businesses opportunities (Hannah, 2005). Therefore by one not protecting their ideas they are at a disadvantaged position due to the fact that one can get the idea and make use of it to start a similar business. This may be at the disadvantage of the employer since the business will work to rival their business. Most employers do not understand the benefits that are associated with adopting intellectual property rights. Employment contracts are also very important to both the employees and the employers. This is because they get to set the terms of services between the two parties and how same should be undertaken. One of the advantages of setting terms of a contract is the fact that the employer gets to ensure that they ensure that employees get to bind themselves to terms that they will not make use of the intellectual rights owned by the company for any other use but rather to the benefit of the organization (Bouchoux, 2012). In any case that the same is breached, the employer can sue for damages that result as a result of the same. Reference Hannah, D. R. (2005). Should I keep a secret? The effects of trade secret protection procedures on employees' obligations to protect trade secrets.Organization Science,16(1), 71-84. Beckerman-Rodau, A. (2002). The choice between patent protection and trade secret protection: a legal and business decision.J. Pat. Trademark Off. Soc'y,84, 371. Elias, S., Stim, R. (2004).Patent, copyright trademark. Nolo. Bouchoux, D. E. (2012).Intellectual property: The law of trademarks, copyrights, patents, and trade secrets. Cengage Learning

Tobacco in America Essay Example For Students

Tobacco in America Essay Tobacco in AmericaEveryday 3,000 children start smoking, most them between the ages of 10 and18. These kids account for 90 percent of all new smokers. In fact, 90 percent ofall adult smokers said that they first lit up as teenagers (Roberts). Thesestatistics clearly show that young people are the prime target in the tobaccowars. The cigarette manufacturers may deny it, but advertising and promotionplay a vital part in making these facts a reality (Roberts). The kings of these media ploys are Marlboro and Camel. Marlboro uses afictional western character called The Marlboro Man, while Camel uses Joe Camel,a high-rolling, swinging cartoon character. Joe Camel, the smooth characterfrom R.J. Reynolds, who is shown as a dromedary with complete style has beenattacked by many Tobacco-Free Kids organizations as a major influence on thechildren of America. Dr. Lonnie Bristow, AMA (American Medical Association)spokesman, remarks that to kids, cute cartoon characters mean that the productis harmless, but cigarettes are not harmless. They have to know that their adsare influencing the youth under 18 to begin smoking(Breo). Researchers at theMedical College of Georgia report that almost as many 6-year olds recognize JoeCamel as know Mickey Mouse (Breo). That is very shocking information for anyparent to hear. We will write a custom essay on Tobacco in America specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The industry denies that these symbols target people under 21 and claim thattheir advertising goal is simply to promote brand switching and loyalty. Manypeople disagree with this statement such as Illinois Rep. Richard Durbin whostates If we can reduce the number of young smokers, the tobacco companieswill be in trouble and they know it (Roberts). So what do the tobacco companiesdo to keep their industry alive and well? Seemingly, they go toward a marketthat is not fully aware of the harm that cigarettes are capable of. U.S. News recently featured a discussion of the smoking issue with 20teenagers from suburban Baltimore. The group consisted of ten boys and ten girlsbetween the ages of 15 and 17. When asked why they started smoking, they gavetwo contradictory reasons: They wanted to be a part of a peer group. They alsowanted to reach out and rebel at the same time. When you party, 75 to 90percent of the kids are smoking. It makes you feel like you belong, says DevonHarris, a senior at Woodlawn High. Teens also think of smoking as a sign ofindependence. The more authority figures tell them not to smoke, the more likelythey are to pick up the habit (Roberts). The surprising thing is that these kidsknow that they are being influenced by cigarette advertising. If these kids know that this advertising is manipulating them, why do theystill keep smoking? The ads are everywhere, especially in teen-orientedmagazines, such as Rolling Stone and Spin. The ads also fuel some of the reasonsthe children gave for starting. They represent rebellion, independence,acceptance and happiness. These are all the things a young person, betweenchildhood and adolescence, needs and desires. This type of advertising, on topof peer pressure, is the mystery behind the rise in adolescent smoking. How do we stop the future of America from smoking? Here are three thingsthat the experts recommend. Try to convince your children that smoking is notcool. Talk to your kids at a young age about the dangers of smoking. Identifyfamily members who smoke and ask them to stop (Thomas). Children are the most valuable commodity we are given in life. Lets try toeducate them while theyre young to be independent thinkers and to not be swayedby the tobacco companies who are trying to take advantage of their mind and body. .uca79dd7643f4cf8e6b576dbb97434e11 , .uca79dd7643f4cf8e6b576dbb97434e11 .postImageUrl , .uca79dd7643f4cf8e6b576dbb97434e11 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uca79dd7643f4cf8e6b576dbb97434e11 , .uca79dd7643f4cf8e6b576dbb97434e11:hover , .uca79dd7643f4cf8e6b576dbb97434e11:visited , .uca79dd7643f4cf8e6b576dbb97434e11:active { border:0!important; } .uca79dd7643f4cf8e6b576dbb97434e11 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uca79dd7643f4cf8e6b576dbb97434e11 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uca79dd7643f4cf8e6b576dbb97434e11:active , .uca79dd7643f4cf8e6b576dbb97434e11:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uca79dd7643f4cf8e6b576dbb97434e11 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uca79dd7643f4cf8e6b576dbb97434e11 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uca79dd7643f4cf8e6b576dbb97434e11 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uca79dd7643f4cf8e6b576dbb97434e11 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uca79dd7643f4cf8e6b576dbb97434e11:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uca79dd7643f4cf8e6b576dbb97434e11 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uca79dd7643f4cf8e6b576dbb97434e11 .uca79dd7643f4cf8e6b576dbb97434e11-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uca79dd7643f4cf8e6b576dbb97434e11:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Psychological Explanations Of Anorexia EssayWorks CitedBill Clinton vs. Joe Camel. U.S. News World Report. 2 Sep. 1996: 12. Infotrac. Online. 27 Oct. 1996. Selling Tobacco to Kids. America. 17 Feb. 1996: 3. Infotrac. Online. 27 Oct. 1996. Roberts, Steven. Teens on tobacco; kids smoke for reasons all their own. U.S. News World Report. 18 Apr. 1996: 38. Infotrac. Online. 27 Oct. 1996. Thomas, Roger E. 10 steps to keep the children in your practice nonsmokers.American Family Physician. Aug. 1996: 450. Infotrac. Online. 27 Oct. 1996. Breo, Dennis L. Kicking Butts-AMA, Joe Camel and the Black Flag war ontobacco. JAMA, TheJournal of the American Medical Association. 29Oct. 1993: 1978. Infotrac. Online. 27 Oct. 1996. t

Ancestry of Laura Elizabeth Ingalls

Ancestry of Laura Elizabeth Ingalls Immortalized in time by the Little House series of books that she wrote based on her own life, Laura Elizabeth Ingalls was born on February 7, 1867, in a little cabin at the edge of the Big Woods in the Chippewa River Valley region of Wisconsin. The second child of Charles Philip Ingalls and Caroline Lake Quiner, she was named after Charles mother, Laura Louise Colby Ingalls. Almanzo James Wilder, the man Laura would eventually come to marry, was born February 13, 1857, near Malone, New York. He was the fifth of six children born to James Mason Wilder and Angeline Albina Day. Laura and Almanzo married on August 25, 1885, in De Smet, Dakota Territory, and had two children - Rose born in 1886 and a baby boy who died soon after his birth in August 1889. This family tree begins with Rose and traces back through both of her parents. First Generation 1. Rose WILDER was born on 5 Dec 1886 in Kingsbury Co., Dakota Territory. She died on 30 Oct 1968 in Danbury, Fairfield Co., Connecticut. Second Generation (Parents) 2. Almanzo James WILDER was born on 13 Feb 1857 in Malone, Franklin Co., New York. He died on 23 Oct 1949 in Mansfield, Wright Co., Missouri. 3. Laura Elizabeth INGALLS was born on 7 Feb 1867 in Pepin County, Wisconsin. She died on 10 Feb 1957 in Mansfield, Wright Co., MO. Almanzo James WILDER and Laura Elizabeth INGALLS were married on 25 Aug 1885 in De Smet, Kingsbury Co., Dakota Territory. They had the following children:    1 i. Rose WILDER ii. Baby boy WILDER was born on 12 Aug 1889 in Kingsbury Co., Dakota Territory. He died on 24 Aug 1889 and is buried in De Smet Cemetery, De Smet, Kingsbury Co., South Dakota. Third Generation (Grandparents) 4. James Mason WILDER was born on 26 Jan 1813 in VT. He died in Feb 1899 in Mermentau, Acadia Co., LA. 5. Angelina Albina DAY was born in 1821. She died in 1905. James Mason WILDER and Angelina Albina DAY were married on 6 Aug 1843 and had the following children:   Ã‚  Ã‚   i. Laura Ann WILDER was born on 15 Jun 1844 and died in 1899. ii. Royal Gould WILDER was born on 20 Feb 1847 in New York and died in 1925. iii. Eliza Jane WILDER was born on 1 Jan 1850 in New York and died in 1930 in Louisiana. iv. Alice M. WILDER was born on 3 Sep 1853 in New York and died in 1892 in Florida. 2 v. Almanzo James WILDER  Ã‚   vi. Perley Day WILDER was born on 13 Jun 1869 in New York and died 10 May 1934 in Louisiana. 6. Charles Phillip INGALLS was born on 10 Jan 1836 in Cuba Twp., Allegany Co., New York. He died on 8 Jun 1902 in De Smet, Kingsbury Co., South Dakota and is buried in De Smet Cemetery, De Smet, Kingsbury Co., South Dakota. 7. Caroline Lake QUINER was born on 12 Dec 1839 in Milwaukee Co., Wisconsin. She died on 20 Apr 1924 in De Smet, Kingsbury Co., South Dakota and is buried in De Smet Cemetery, De Smet, Kingsbury Co., South Dakota. Charles Phillip INGALLS and Caroline Lake QUINER were married on 1 Feb 1860 in Concord, Jefferson Co., Wisconsin. They had the following children:   Ã‚  Ã‚   i. Mary Amelia INGALLS was born on 10 Jan 1865 in Pepin County, Wisconsin. She died on 17 Oct 1928 in at the home of her sister Carrie in Keystone, Pennington Co., South Dakota, and is buried in De Smet Cemetery, De Smet, Kingsbury Co., South Dakota. She suffered a stroke which caused her to go blind at the age of 14 and lived with her parents until the death of her mother, Caroline. After that she lived with her sister, Grace. She never married. 3 ii. Laura Elizabeth INGALLS iii. Caroline Celestia (Carrie) INGALLS was born on 3 Aug 1870 in Montgomery Co., Kansas. She died of a sudden illness on 2 Jun 1946 in Rapid City, Pennington Co., South Dakota, and is buried in De Smet Cemetery, De Smet, Kingsbury Co., South Dakota. She married David N. Swanzey, a widow, on 1 Aug 1912. Carrie and Dave never had any children together, but Carrie raised Daves children, Mary and Harold, as her own. The family lived in Keystone, the site of Mount Rushmore. Dave was one of the group of men who recommended the mountain to the sculptor, and Carries stepson Harold helped with the carving. iv. Charles Frederic (Freddie) INGALLS was born on 1 Nov 1875 in Walnut Grove, Redwood Co., Minnesota. He died on 27 Aug 1876 in Wabasha Co., Minnesota. v. Grace Pearl INGALLS was born on 23 May 1877 in Burr Oak, Winneshiek Co., Iowa. She died on 10 Nov 1941 in De Smet, Kingsbury Co., South Dakota, and is was buried in De Smet Cemetery, De Smet, Kingsbury Co., South Dakota. Grace married Nathan (Nate) William DOW on 16 Oct 1901 in her parents home in De Smet, South Dakota. Grace and Nate never had any children.

Evaluation Tool for Qualitative Studies Discussion Research Paper

Evaluation Tool for Qualitative Studies Discussion - Research Paper Example There is a stepwise analysis of the research journals as the checklist is divided into various sub-heading, with each subheading bearing specific objectives in relevance to the research document. For instance, in section one of the checklists, internal validity of the document is scrutinized. Under this section, the relevance of the research questions and other internal factors of the research journal is analyzed. The checklist under this section uses concisely designed list of required items. Consequently, the analysis of internal validity of the document, for instance, is achieved easily. In systemic analysis and Meta-analysis, mainly two major quality assessments are carried out. The analysis carried out includes internal validity and general assessment study of the research journal. In Each section has a specific point for analysis, for instance, in the general assessment, the relevance of research on its initial objectives and purpose is determined. Internal validity assessment provides guidelines for ascertaining general factors considered in the formulation of the report journal. Based on the two main aspects of the systemic analysis, analysis of the attached document on Implementation of a strategy is carried out by critical study of the document and marking it against the specification provided in the checklist. The finding according to this analysis is that the research document is of good

Global Prospective Final Memo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global Prospective Final Memo - Assignment Example The Holocaust in this specific example is one which now is reminiscent of needing to change security levels that are noted worldwide by using different types of security. Performing this will change circumstances by building safer countries and leveraging wars. Enhanced security will: By creating a security council with checks and balances, there will be the ability to stop war like situations and affairs which lead to inhumanitarian acts. The concept which is provided will allow situations such as the Holocaust to never get to the point of violent and inhumanitarian acts while providing new approaches to overcoming political opposition between the people and government. India is known as one of the dominant places for human trafficking of children. There are hundreds to thousands of children that are kidnapped each year and sent to placement agencies. These agencies sell the children for labor or for brothels. The kidnappings range from taking children when a disaster strikes or forcing them into a bogus marriage then selling them to brothels. Currently, the only way to get the children back is through dangerous raids that stop the children from being kidnapped from their own homes and into the black market. However, this can change if the ideologies of thousands begin to change and promote the issue of trafficking and how it needs to stop. With the use of social entrepreneurs, there is the ability to begin transforming the problems that are currently in society. The issues with inhumanitarian issues, such as forced child labor and women who live in brothels, continue to remain a main problem in India. By using social networks and various instruments there is the ability to bring more awareness to this inhumanitarian issue while providing continuous support to organizations such as Save the

Management of Site Staff and Direct Labour

Management of Site Staff and Direct Labour The physical resources in a construction project account for a considerable amount of money and time. It is fundamental to the success of a construction project that these physical resources are managed and scheduled properly. Patrick (2004) comments that resource management is one of the most important aspects of construction project management in todays climate because the construction industry is resource-intensive and the costs of construction resources have steadily risen over the last several decades. Good project management in construction must vigorously pursue the efficient utilization of labour, material and equipment. (Hendrickson, 2008) It is the role of the project manager and site management team to ensure that the three main physical resources: labour, plant and materials, are managed efficiently and effectively. Failure to do so will result in delays and often expense caused by situations like resource shortage, resource queuing, poor plant productivity and poor labour relations. According to the Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB), (2010 p67) the main roles of the project manager during the construction phase include; Ensuring contract documents are prepared and issued to the contractor. Reviewing the contractors construction schedule and method statements. Ensuring the contractors resources are adequate and suitable. Ensuring design information required by the contractor is supplied by consultants. These roles all include scheduling and management of physical resources, which include; Site staff and direct labour Plant Materials Information Sub Contractors These are similar to the 5 ms as specified by Griffith and Watson (2004 p118) When considering resources there are five factors to take into account (the 5Ms) Materials Manpower Machinery Money Management As labour constitutes a large percentage of the construction cost and the quantity of labour hours performing a task are more susceptible to the influence of management than are materials and plant, it is important it is managed correctly and efficiently. On this project Farrans manage many different sub-contractors who have a workforce ranging from 2 40 people, as these people are not under the direct control of Farrans management team it will be discussed in the next chapter Management of sub-contractors. The authors feel it is paramount to the success and profitability of a project to manage the workforce successfully as construction workforce especially in developing countries is not seen as an important input, although project labour generally make up the most variable and the largest percentage of total project costs(Journal of civil engineering and management 2008,p1). 3.1 Planning of Site Staff and Direct Labour Employed by Farrans Labour is usually planned for before the construction work begins using ASTA Power Project to construct a programme similar to that used to produce the construction program. By using this system it again allows the site team to highlight areas where a labour shortage might occur. In theory this program allows adequate time for the project manager to allocate more labour to labour intensive work; this is done by making a formal request to their head office team for extra labour. Ultimately it is the site mangers responsibility to ensure the site has an adequate workforce whether it is labourers or sub-contractors. The clerk of works also have an input and can offer their opinion on whether more labour is needed. At each monthly meeting a scheduled review should take place to determine the following months activities and to determine the resources needed. Farrans enforce and strictly adhere to the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007 regarding health and safety. They value the health, safety and welfare of all people on their sites and are only too aware of the dangers that construction sites pose. Also as the main contractor they realize that a severe accident can cause delay or even shutdown of a site. Farrans recognise the importance of training and basic health and safety awareness. It is for this reason, that they enforce a policy where only people who hold a Construction Skills Register (CSR) card or equivalent are allowed to work on their sites. The aims of these registration schemes are to raise standards of health and safety and provide recognition of skills, experience and qualifications attained. To ensure all workers on site hold a valid CSR card, Farrans make it mandatory to provide proof before any operative can start work. In order to ensure that this is being enforced by the main contractor we will monitor the site induction file and do spot checks to ensure records are up to date and anyone not holding this card will not be permitted to work on-site. 3.2 Daily Allocation Sheets Each day the site manager in theory should hold two labour allocation sheets (a copy of which can be seen in appendix 3).; One created by the site manager for Farrans direct labour and one created by each individual sub-contractor which is then passed onto the project manager. This sheet contains the tasks done each day by each labourer as well as the number of hours spent doing that task. At the end of the week these sheets are forwarded to Farrans head office via citrix system, in order to calculate labourers weekly hours and pay. These sheets proof useful in order to evaluate labour productivity on-site. It provides valuable insight into how long a task should take, and can be helpful in forecasting the amount of labour for the following tasks. It also allows the site manager to check if any labourers are slacking, for example if it took one labourer, 2 hours, to do task A ,on week one then it should take the next labourer a similar time to do a similar job. 3.3 Discipline Management of labour inherently involves disputes among direct labour and between sub-contractors. It is the job of the site manager to mediate these disputes unofficially but were site rules are broken staff will face disciplinary proceedings. These matters must be resolved quickly in order to remain focused and on schedule. If further action is required the case will be dealt with by Farrans head office team. This two 3.4 Holidays and Training Farrans like most Northern Ireland construction companies, offer employees two week holidays twice a year at Christmas and the July fortnight. When time off is required outside these periods a holiday request form must be completed which is held in the site managers office. This request form must be submitted with details of time off and must give at least two weeks notice. This notice is used to find cover. 3.5 Conclusion and Recommendations One area of labour Farrans could improve on is employees motivation. Farrans do not provide overtime payment for their Site management team. Staff sign a contract which says they will not get paid for more than 39 hours work per week. Therefore employees have no incentive to work extra hours and may feel obliged to work more than 39 hours which will reduce motivation, especially as periods of the construction project will require 60 hours per week with no reward. Another recommendation we would make is that Farrans hold meeting between rank and file workers and their management team. This motivates site staff and makes them feel part of the team, as often rank and file workers feel uncomfortable with their boss. A research study into construction labour motivation carried out by the business roundtable (1989, online) found that; Workers who are actively involved in decisions that affect them are more receptive to change, work harder as they develop more enthusiasm, become more loyal to the employer, do not suffer from job alienation, experience greater job satisfaction, and show increased morale and creativity. Employers benefit from better worker-management relations, increased productivity and increased profits. Appendix for Management of Site Staff and Direct Labour Print- Copy of staff time sheet Daily diary issue 1 Daily diary completed Record of site operations 4.0 Management of Sub-contractors Many large contracting firms rely heavily on the involvement of sub-contractors in order to undertake large scale projects. A study carried out by Karim et al (2006,online) found that As much as 90 per cent of the construction work is carried out by a variety of subcontractors while the main contractor tends to focus on management and coordination. It is common in the industry for main contractors to operate solely as a management team, coordinating and scheduling sub-contractors on site. Sub-contractors are often specialised in one area, therefore they have the tools, experience and expertise to complete their task. This cannot be said for the main contractor. Sub-contractors have specialist expertise, usually trade related, for the supply and installation of an element of the total works (CIOB 2010,p69) The benefits of using sub-contractors are plentiful; it enables the main contractor to spread the risk by sub-contracting different elements of the project to sub-contractors at a reduced price than what they originally estimated the work for. Using specialist tradesmen allows for a higher quality of work by using specialist tools and equipment not available to the main contractor. Sub-contracting reduces the amount of supervision that the site manager has to supply, it also reduces the number of personnel that the site team must manage. It benefits the site manager in that there is one single point of contact for each sub-contractor and task. Sub-contracting can reduce the administration costs for the main contractor, for example the main contractor is not responsible for human resources, staff holidays, direct training etc for sub-contractors personnel. However, it must be noted that the main contractor is still responsible for the health and safety of the sub-contractors, health and safety responsibilities are defined by criminal law and cannot be passed from one party to another by law. The success of any construction project can be directly influenced by the performance of the sub-contractors. Therefore the success of a project can be directly related to how the main contractor manages sub-contractors. This view is shared by Ronchi (2006) who comments The success of a project is, to an extent, related to the degree of collaboration and coordination existing among the actors involved The main contractor has the ultimate responsibility to deliver on cost, quality and time and therefore if is paramount to manage the sub-contractors and the supply chain effectively. Management systems must be implemented to ensure the smooth coordination of sub-contractors onto and off the site. This should be dictated by the project master programme, as outlined in section 2 of this document. The site management team must be capable of arranging sub-contractors to ensure this process is free flowing and continual. The disruption of sub-contractors site schedules can cause major delays to the project, the site team must make amendments to the schedule when delays do occur or when tasks can be brought forward. This can reduce friction between sub-contractors and the main contractor and promotes Cooke and Williams view that (2004, p280) Good liaison and mutual respect must be established as early as possible in the contract period as possible and maintaining contact with subcontractors helps to build up an early working relationship 4.1 Management system employed by Farrans Farrans operate as a management team on their site, with the aim to keep direct labour to a minimum. Farrans use strict programmes and meetings in order to control sub-contractors and ensure the sub-contractor is meeting quality, time and specification targets. In order to satisfy Farrans Sustainable Procurement Policy they; Request details from Sub-Contractors regarding environmental policies, management systems, environmental breaches, and assess this information as part of our Company approval process Use local suppliers and Sub-Contractors where possible to minimise the environmental impact associated with transportation and to support the local economy 4.1.1 Meetings Meetings are required to maintain effective communications between the project manager, project team and the other parties concerned (CIOB 2010, p230) Meetings are in place to provide; effective communication between the main contractor and sub-contractor, address problems as they arise and to review progress as work continues. Farrans use two types of meetings; start up meetings and site meetings. Start up meetings Start up meeting take place after the sub-contractor has been chosen for the contract but before the sub-contractor starts work on-site. The meeting is held between the project manager, site manager, site engineer and sub contract manager. However in some cases not all members must be present only that of the project manager and sub contract manager is required. The aim of these meetings is to firstly build a working relationship between the site team and sub-contractor. It also provides a way of outlining the scope of the task and ironing out any grey areas are areas of uncertainty before work commences. It is the responsibility of the sub-contractor to provide all documentation relating to health and safety before site work begins, documentation includes: Method Statements Risk Assessments Insurance Documents Construction Skills Register Documents of the workforce The meeting will also outline the attendances that are required from Farrans, as well as the time frame of their element of the project. It is the responsibility of Farrans to notify the sub-contractor when they are due on site it is therefore important for them to know how much notice they require before they can come to site. Site Meetings Once the sub-contractor has begun work on-site they must attend weekly site meetings. This meeting is held by the site manager, project manager, site engineer and all sub-contractors manager. Other attendees might be the quantity surveyor, architect, designers etc. This meetings takes place on site usually on a weekly basis, they are used to monitor progress. It is the responsibility of the site manager to implement short term programmes derived from the master program . These weekly progress meetings enable Farrans to address any issues regarding programmes, it is also a useful way for sub-contractors to communicate between each other to make sure they are working in sync and that any delays which affect a follow on trade are communicated effectively. Any delay identified by the site team will be discussed at this meeting. It is normal at these weekly meeting for an informal question and answer session to take place, where different sub-contractors can air any issues relating to the project, the result of these sessions are useful in projecting progress and allows sub-contractors to address their time schedule, for example if the plasterer start in one weeks time, and it will take the electrician ten days to finish their first fix then action needs to be taken whether it be, delay the plasterer or else use more resources and men to stay on schedule. A weekly progress document is drawn up either before or after these meetings, as part of this document any health and safety issues are addresses including any accidents, near misses or complaints. 4.1.2 Inspection of Subcontractors Work Monitoring the actual progress of sub-contractors can prove troublesome for the construction manager, where the construction manager has no experience in that field. For example construction managers have various backgrounds whether that be; site engineer, foreman or tradesman. A foreman may be competent in assessing progress of the interior fit out but unable to project progress of the structure. It is for this reason that Farrans employ several other members to work on the project. They are known as clerk of works specialising in different elements of the project. These are broken down into mechanical and electrical, externals and fit-out. As the construction manager has not got the expertise or familiarity with this specialised work the clerk of works act as sub-contractor co-ordinators. Once one element of the sub-contractors work is completed, it will be visually inspected by the clerk of works for quality and specification and either passed off or rejected. Once the work is complete and ready to be signed off the clerk, engineer and sib-contract manager will sign the specific check sheets. 4.1.3 Work Packages Work packages are used to effectively manage sub-contractors more easily. It involves breaking down each task on the master program into specific sections and sub-sections, to which sub-contractors are assigned. An example of Farrans works package breakdown can be viewed in the Appendix at the end of this section.Associate Considerate Constructor 4.1.4 Sub-Contractors Complaints On occasion a complaint may be made from the general public, regulatory bodies, the client or site staff. These complaints must be logged into Farrans complaint log as shown in the figure below. This has the benefit of making sure the actual complaint does not fall on deaf ears and also so that action is taken to resolve the matter. This is an effective way of dispute resolution and promotes ambience between the parties involved and Farrans. Farrans are a member of the considerate constructors scheme a recognised initiative under the construction confederation, this initiative was set up to improve the image of construction. Dealing with complaints is a vital section of this initiative and as Farrans are a registered member they are expected to deal in a considerate manner with any complaints or concerns resulting from the sites activities. A template of Farrans Complaints Log can be viewed in the Appendix at the end of this section. Conclusion and Recommendations Farrans use programming as an effective tool to manage and co-ordinate sub-contractors. They use a standard Gantt chart and work packages in order to effectively plan their work. The Gantt chart is employed by most construction companies and simplifies a complex program by outlining clearly start, finish and duration of each sub-contractor. This allows close observation of the critical path and any conflicts that may appear. After reviewing Farrans management of sub-contractors and reviewing relevant literature surrounding the topic of sub-contractor management the authors fell that Farrans have an effective framework running throughout their sites in order to mange and co-ordinate sub-contractors. The authors feel that start up meetings and work packages are useful tools which are not adapted by all large contractors in Northern Ireland. One of the authors spent a year working with McAleer and Rushe, a design and build contractor based in Cookstown, Nothern Ireland. The first interaction between the site management team and the sub-contractor was the same day the sub-contractor was due to start work. This caused some confusion in that the sub-contractors usually showed up unexpectantly and no arrangements were in place for their task. Often sub-contractors showed up with no health and safety documents and their workforce were unaware that CSR identification was needed. This shows what can happen if sub-contractors are mismanaged. As a well and long established leading construction firm, they have developed the necessary approach needed to avoid mismanagement of sub-contractors. Through years of experience they have adapted and fine tuned these methods in order to be successful. Appendix for Coordination of Sub-Contractors 5.0 Management of Materials and Waste 5.1 Waste Material waste has been recognised as a major problem for the construction industry, it has important implications for the efficiency of the industry as well as the environmental impact of the construction project. It is estimated that the United Kingdom construction industry uses 400 million tonnes of resources every year with 100 million tonnes ending up as waste (CIOB 2010). Research carried out by CIRIA (undated, cited in CIOB, 2010 p199) estimates that as much as 13% of all materials delivered to site end up in a skip without ever being used. The importance of waste management is demonstrated in England where it has become legal requirement from April 2008 to have site waste management plans (SWMPs) for all construction and demolition projects valued over  £300,000. It is ethical and has commercial value to prepare a SWMP for a development. The reason for this is to provide a framework for managing the disposal of waste throughout the life of the construction project. The rationale behind introducing a SWMP is to ensure that waste management is thought about from the outset and facilitate the selection of construction techniques and materials to effectively reduce waste. A SWMP reduces waste by relying on a plan-do-check-action, which follows the figure below:. Typically this action plan aims to reuse, reduce, recycle or recover materials on and off site and if none of these actions are suitable disposal is required. It is the principle contractors duty to enforce the plan as well as recording actual waste against the estimated figures, therefore checking the effectiveness of the plan. The document is the main contractors responsibility during the construction stage and should contain the following information: Ownership of the document Information about who will be removing the waste The types of waste to be removed Details of the site(s) where the waste is being taken A post-completion statement confirming that the SWMP was monitored and updated on a regular basis An explanation of any deviation from the plan An example of a standard SWMP recommended by the CIOB (2010 p72) can be seen in appendix 5. (CIOB 2010, p72) 5.1.1 Farrans Waste Management As part of Farrans waste minimisation police they have committed to: Prevent and/or Reduce waste Reuse materials Recycle waste Send minimum amounts of waste to landfill To fulfil this commitment Farrans have implemented waste management plans on all their sites to ensure good waste management and cultivated a work ethic and awareness of waste minimisation. An important aspect of waste minimisation is to try and eradicate it through design which Farrans do. Practically on-site Farrans reduce waste by organisation of the site layout which in return reduces waste caused by poor storage of materials, and prevents damage or theft where possible. The site has security 24 hours a day which again reduces theft. Sub-contractors are made aware penalties they face for producing excessive waste through bad workmanship and bad planning. 5.2 Materials Strict monitoring of materials is both beneficial to the main contractor and the environment by; Increasing profits Decreasing overheads Minimising waste and consequent disposal costs Useful Marketing tool Lessons for the future Complying with CDM regulations The CIOB (2010) believe that it is the duty of the project manager to not only monitor the projects progress but to also monitor any work undertaken by suppliers that have an independent input into the completion of the project. The contractor has overall responsibility for the management of the supply chain, the project managers duty is to ensure that the chain is managed efficiently to avoid potential delay or completion of the project. This is an important issue as it is often the case that problems further down the contractual chain are responsible for delays. One technique that the CIOB (2010, p230) recommend during planning is; The production of an outline construction schedule indicating the latest date for placement of orders (materials equipment contractors) and design release dates. However, it is not important that every material is scheduled, it is only when major construction materials and materials concerned with the critical path lack scheduling that a disruption will occur. Materials often arrive on site in three ways, on time, too early or too late with the latter often causing the most problems. Good scheduling will ensure that materials arrive on site on time. When materials arrive on site too early the main problem is with storage. Storage on a construction site will often be limited. Storing materials on site for long periods can leave them susceptible to damage due to weather or accidental damage and vandalism and theft. Handling materials more than once will also increase the likelihood of accidental damage, for example storing materials in several locations before arriving at the actual location for use. Materials arriving too late can cause a significant delay to the completion of the project. For example a week long delay in bricks will have a knock on effect to the fit out as the building as it will not be sealed on time. The contractor will then be liable for late fees for not handing over the development on time and will result in the client not being able to rent or sell units in the development. Cooke and Williams (2004, p364) state that The responsibility for handling materials, distribution around the site and fixing them in position belongs to the site manager, who is also responsible for material loss and accounting for excessive waste. 5.2.1 Farrans Material Management Materials Planning Before construction work begins Farrans complete a materials schedule included in this schedule is major materials needed for construction. Some elements included in the project at Carmonney, Northern Ireland are concrete and reinforcing steel. These materials are essential to the critical path of the project. Farrans schedule such materials in order to allow for the manufacturers lead in time and so that they ultimately arrive on site, before or just in time. Materials Inspection Farrans check the quality and condition of all materials arriving on site, whether it be materials ordered by the main contractor or sub-contractors. Sub-contractors materials are checked to ensure specifications are as designed. Material Orders Farrans record all orders of concrete and stone in an order book complete with a unique order number. This information is sent to head office and checked against invoices received from the supplier. All material invoices are also kept in the site managers office in case of any discrepancies between site and supplier. This is a form of control put in place by farrans to ensure all materials that are delivered to site are received and paid for. Materials being removed from sight are also controlled and have to be signed off. This is done for a similar reason to materials signing, to ensure the company only pay for the actual removal of site materials. For example when soil is excavated it must be removed from sites. Conclusion and Recommendations Farrans should ensure materials arrive on-site but not too early. Material and waste is not a massive issue on this particular project, the main material ordering is reinforced steel and concrete normally which are normally ordered to demand. 6.0 Management and Maintenance of Plant and Equipment Plant and equipment as well as the other physical resources represent a large area of expense on a construction project. It is also essential to schedule plant to ensure delay does not occur due to a piece of equipment not being on-site. Scheduling of plant is needed for items of plant not held on site. Similar to materials scheduling the main contractor must make a plant schedule dating periods of when other specialist plant may be required. Plant scheduling is arguably not as critical as materials scheduling due to lack of demand in hire companies caused by the recession. McCaffer and Harris (2006) estimated in 2006 that between 50 60% of plant used on projects was hired. Usually hire companies can deliver plant at short notice meaning delays are not often incurred due to lack of scheduling. Under the CDM regulations clients as well as contractors are accountable for the impact they have on health and safety. Therefore it is imperative that as project managers we try and control factors which affect health and safety on site as well as to the surrounding area. Most contractors are aware of the impacts plant and machinery has on the environment as well as the accident risk they pose. A contractor that owns plant must be prepared to provide maintenance and servicing of the equipment (Harris and McCaffer 2006, p145). Many firms try to avoid these costs by providing minimum maintenance which results in unexpected breakdown and delays. It is good practice for the main contractor to implement a system of planned preventative maintenance. The main contractor should ensure they keep the health and safety file updated with maintenance documentation for all items of plant on site. Also included must be the next required date for inspection and how frequently this must be carried out. It is the contractors duty to ensure all plant is continually inspected and maintained, it is also their responsibility to check that hired items of plant are in good working condition and regularly inspected and maintained to a good working order. The health and safety executive (HSE) require that all operators of plant must hold the relevant license to operate it. Evidence of this certification and any relating insurance documents must be kept in the health and safety file for inspection at any time. Noise generated from plant and machinery can often be unavoidable, but measures can be taken to restrict or reduce the disturbance. In order to ensure minimal disruption the main contractor should: Maintain all plant Uses noise barriers where appropriate Plans deliveries as to avoid early morning disturbance Uses alternative less noisy plant where available Scheduling of plant is needed for items of plant not held on site. Similar to materials scheduling we will require the main contractor to make a plant schedule dating periods of when other specialist plant may be required 6.1 Farrans Management and Maintenance of Plant and Equipment Farrans use the following procedures to ensure adequate maintenance of plant and equipment and also to ensure no delays as a result of bad plant scheduling. 6.1.1 Planning and Programming Site planning is needed to identify necessary items of plant required throughout the construction phase. It is the responsibility of the planning team to know what piece of equipment is needed as wee as the period of time it is needed for. The ASTA software used by Farrans can produce Gantt charts to illustrate each item of plant, length of time it is needed and for what dates. At each monthly meeting, mentioned in earlier sections, the coming months plant requirements are ev

Racial Formation in the United States Essay

Based on Omi and Winants discussion, we can say that racial formation is an ever changing process in which an individual or a group of people are classified as to what is their social status and classification in the society with reference to the present societal, economic, and political condition. A process that we might probably say since racial formation is shaped and molded with reference to the group’s or individual’s historical background and the current view of the people in general in the current society. As to race, we can identify it as a classification of an individual into a group in which he or she has an appalling similarity; its most common basis is an individual’s physical appearance if not by classifying its country of origin. Racial project and Racist project otherwise are two dealings of which an individual or a group of people in a race are either subjected into racial privileges or discrimination. It is actually quite confusing but the fact remains that there are actions that are imposed in accordance to race of which only certain individuals or groups are given or afflicted, both of which having a negative and positive outcomes individuals and to society. Based on Omi and Winants discussion and examples of racial and racist projects. Are Ethic/ race-based California state university campus organizations Racial or racist projects? If we were to take into account Omi and Winants discussion, we can say that such organizations can be both racial and racist projects. In a way such campus organizations both functions as a protector and, if not intentionally, exploiter of individuals and groups coming from different races. They both promote the welfare of their own race and neglect other existing kinds. So depending on the actions and visions they hold on to and their current racial social status, (being on the advantage or disadvantaged side) it is then we can identify if they are racial or racist projects. Take for example the African Students Organization as cited in the Clubs and Organizations Directory (http://www. csun. edu/getinvolved/clublisting/directory. php, 2008): African Students Organization Seeks to mobilize and foster increased cooperation and coordination among broad coalition of students, international organizations, and individual faculty and staff members committed to the progress of empowerment of Africa and peoples of African ancestry With their initial mission and vision we can actually say that they are a racial project of which they promote and reach out to their fellow African academic colleagues. We can further say it I, because in the current political and social status, they are the ones on the disadvantage side. Hence, those of which has the intention of racial discrimination and prejudice are those we can call as racist projects. REFERENCES: Omi, M. and Winant,H. (NY: Routledge, 1986/1989). Racial Formation in the United states from the 1960s to the 1990s. Retrieve September 12, 2008 from http://aad. english. ucsb. edu/docs/Omi-Winant. html. CSUN-Division of Student Affairs. Clubs and Organizations Directory. Retrieved September 12, 2008 from http://www. csun. edu/getinvolved/clublisting/directory. php.

Drivers Education for Students with Multiple Disabilities Essay

Students with multiple disabilities are those who are experiencing more that one form of disability. Disability may be mental or physical or combination of both that hinders one from performing various life activities. Such students require much care as they cannot fully do what is required of them with help from another person. Such students should be given helpful education that would enable them contribute to the economy. Drivers’ education for students with multiple disabilities is required for none of the curriculum has considered this during their planning and implementation. Research question The main purpose of the paper is to identify whether there is any need to have drivers’ education for the people with multiple disabilities to offer services in special schools and in public schools. Another aim of the research is to determine how this education would be offered and what type of disability would benefit from the drivers education. How effective would this education be to the disabled. Justification of the research Students with multiple disabilities cannot perform a number of activities an able student can perform; this justifies the research because there is a need to have to have the disabled contribute to the nation building and economy. Drivers’ education would be necessary for the multi disabled students for there are those who can drive effectively despite of the disability. Review of the bibliography The provided bibliography would help in providing a critical review for the research and will give enough literature as to whether this drivers’ education for students with multiple disability is needed and to what extent. Bibliography (Video)The Los Angeles Club of the Deaf Story. DeBee Communications, 6965 El Camino Real, Ste. 105, Carlsbad, CA 92009 Bowe, F. (1978)Handicapping America: Barriers to disabled people, Harper & Row, Disability and Chronic Disease Quarterly, Department of Sociology, Brandeis University, Disability Grapevine Online Newsletter. http://www. disabilitygrapevine. com/ Disability Studies Online Magazine. http://www. disabilitystudies. com/index. htm Gary L. (2005)Encyclopedia of disability, SAGE Publ. , Gary L. et al. , eds. (2006) Encyclopedia of Disability. 5 vols. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Health Ethics, Policy and Law,† Cornell Journal of Law and Public http://papers. ssrn. com/sol3/papers. cfm? abstract_id=950878 Johnstone, D. (2001) An Introduction to Disability Studies, , 2nd edition, Kaushik, R. (1999) Access Denied: Can we overcome disabling attitudes ,† Museum International (UNESCO) , Vol. 51, No. 3, p. 48-52. Leonardi M; Bickenback, J; Ustin TB; Kostanjsek N; Chatterji S, and on behalf of the MHADIE Consortium (2006) â€Å"The definition of disability: what is in a name?,† Lancet 368(9543): 1219-1221 Mitra S (2006) â€Å"The Capability Approach and Disability† Journal of Disability National Center on Disability and Journalism. http://www. ncdj. org/links. html Paul T. (2005)Understanding Disability: Inclusion, Access, Diversity, and Civil Rights. Westport, CT: Greenwood Policy Studies, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 236-247 Policy, 15(2): 403-482 http://papers. ssrn. com/sol3/papers. cfm? abstract_id=931703 Ruger JP (1998) â€Å"Aristotelian Justice and Health Policy: Capability and Incompletely Theorized Agreements† Harvard University, Ph. D. Thesis Ruger JP (2003) â€Å"Health and Development† Lancet, 362 (9385): 678 Ruger JP (2006) â€Å"Health, Capability, and Justice: Toward a New Paradigm of Ruger JP (2006) â€Å"Measuring Disparities in Healthcare†, British Medical Journal, 333:274 http://papers. ssrn. com/sol3/papers. cfm? abstract_id=934987 Ruger JP (2007) â€Å"Rethinking Equal Access: Agency, Quality and Norms,† Global Public Health, 2(1): 78-96 Sen AK (2002) â€Å"Health: perception versus observation† British Medical Journal 324:860-861 Terzi L (2004) â€Å"The Social Model of Disability: A Philosophical Critique†, Journal of Applied Philosophy, 21 (2): 141-157 Terzi L (2005) â€Å"Beyond the Dilemma of Difference; The capability approach on disability and special educational needs†, Journal of Philosophy of Education, 39 (3): 443-459 Terzi L (2006) â€Å"Beyond the Dilemma of Difference: the capability approach to disability and special educational needs† R. Cigman (ed. ) Included or Excluded? The Challenge of the Mainstream for some SEN Children. London: Routledge